Author Archives: Rabbi

The Succa of Leviathan

     There is much more to Succot than meets the eye. There is the physical Succa of walls and schach (roofing), the Succot of the four species, the exhilaration of “the season of our rejoicing” and the Succot of the Torah, the commemoration of G-d’s preservation of the Jewish people during our sojourn in the wilderness and beyond.

     But there is also the hidden Succot – another dimension that looms beneath the surface – the Succot of the seventy sacrificial bulls, offered in the Temple on behalf of the nations of the world, and the Succot of the future, when all nations will gather to celebrate Succot in Jerusalem. How do we get from one Succot – the particular celebration of the Jewish people – to the global celebration of Succot ?

    And what exactly do we celebrate ? Succot is the only one of the festivals that does not commemorate a specific event – Pesach celebrates the moment of our national birth, and  Shavuot the revelation of G-d that gave us the Torah. But Succot has no individual event associated with it. So what are we celebrating ?

    And perhaps the greatest mystery of Succos is a Midrash  cited in Yalkut Iyov 927: “R. Levi said: whoever fulfills the mitzva of Succa in this world, G-d will place him in the future in the Succa of Leviathan.” But what is that, and why do we aspire to such a Succa ?

     Leviathan is one of the two creatures singled out by G-d in the book of Iyov as examples of His infinite power and wisdom – behemoth, the enormous land animal, and leviathan, the monster of the sea. To further complicate matters, Leviathan itself has two forms – the nachash bariach, the straight serpent, and nachash akalaton, the coiled serpent, both referenced as well in Isaiah 27 where the prophet states that in the future G-d will unsheathe His mighty sword and kill both. So who and what are these, and why do we want them dead ?

     Rav Shamshon Rafael Hirsch writes in a brilliant essay (Collected Writings, Volume II) that Leviathan represents the forces of evil in the world that are submerged, and yet threaten the stability of mankind again and again. The nachash bariach, the straight serpent, are the nations that rule through brute force and impose their will on mankind directly, through their power, while nachash akalaton, the coiled serpent, are those nations that rule through cunning and manipulation, that achieve their ends through stealth and secrecy. Both are dangerous – and both need to be kept apart.

    “If the two forces ever mated, the whole world would be destroyed” (ibid 926), i.e., if might ever combined with cunning, they would be unstoppable. Built into history is the inability of powerful empires to sustain themselves, because they become impressed with their own might and their own invincibility. And they usually self-destruct.

     It is both depressing and astonishing when we contemplate the persistence of evil in the world. From the time of the primeval serpent until today, the world has not seen a moment’s respite – and especially since the creation of the Jewish people, evil has always had a defined target. Sometimes the enemy’s assault is frontal and sometimes it is circuitous – but it lingers – and our enemies are, usually, the oppressors of others, as well. Even if one evildoer disappears, another appears; even if we think that the world learned a lesson through a spasm of violence and mayhem, the lesson is short-lived. The carnage of World War I – “the war to end all wars” – was a trifle compared to World War II, and the savagery and depth of evil did nothing to prevent the rise of Communist tyrants. And their demise did not thwart the ascension of the despots and terrorists of the Arab and Muslim world. It never ends. And this week’s gathering of despots and tyrants among the free world’s leaders at the UN seemingly underscores that bleak prospect.

    But it does end, and that is the eternal message – the hidden message – of Succot. Rav Lior Engleman notes that, unlike the other holidays, Succot does not commemorate an event, but it celebrates a process, the long road, with all its twists and turns, all of its surprises and dangers – with one constant: the protective hand of G-d. On Succot, we are reminded of the cycle – every day (except Shabbat) we circumambulate the shul, starting and ending at the same point; on Succot, we are judged on the year’s water supply – which is not only a palindrome (mayim in Hebrew) – but also comes to us through nature’s cycle.

    On Succot, we live our normal life and rejoice in the Succa, because there is unlimited joy in our regular lives under the protective wings of the Divine Presence. Whoever can do that in this world – with all the evil lurking around us – the evil of the brutes and the evil of the sophisticates – with all the enemies who wish us ill, and with all the “good” people who make their accommodations with evil – whoever is able to see history as a process, with a beginning and an end and not lose faith – “G-d will seat them in the Succa made from the skin of Leviathan.” When evil is vanquished, and human society – the great Leviathan – is tamed and refined, then the righteous will bask in the Succa made of that fishy substance and become the foundation of a new society dedicated to G-d’s service, when the remaining nations gather to serve G-d in Jerusalem, when He will be One and His name acknowledged as One.

The Jewish Channel

Several months ago, I had the opportunity to participate in The Rabbi’s Roundtable on The Jewish Channel (TJCTV.com), a cable station with programs and features ideally geared to Jewish audiences. A number of issues, then timely but always timeless, were discussed. With their kind permission, it is linked here:   http://vimeo.com/13282724

Enjoy the program, and if you wish, The Jewish Channel itself.

-RSP

The Bully Pulpit

    What do these two scenarios have in common ?

    Imam Rauf, of the near-Ground Zero mosque notoriety, has said several times that if the mosque is not built, the denial will strengthen the “radicals” in Islam, cause a wave of resentment against American to sweep the Muslim world, and even provoke these same “radicals” to violence against Americans. (The latter sentiment was echoed by General Petraeus.) In other words, “give us what we want, or else… and I am not responsible for the consequences.”

    Palestinian Authority “President” Mahmoud Abbas (whose term expired 20 months ago, but why obsess on technicalities) has said repeatedly in the last few weeks, seconded by his aides, that if PM Netanyahu does not continue the freeze on building Jewish homes in the heartland of the Jewish state then he – Abbas – will break off “peace” negotiations. In other words, “do as I say, or else…and I am not responsible for the consequences.”

     And these are the “moderates.” An observer might reasonably conclude that the “moderates” and the “radicals” actually work in tandem, and share the same goals and objectives. It is not even that they differ tactically, but rather that each group plays its assigned role – the “radicals” commit the acts of violence and terror to secure their ends, and the “moderates” provide intellectual, political and social cover for them, while weakening the resolve of the West (or Israel) that naturally longs for an end to the respective disputes. It is a macabre dance that is well-choreographed.

    In Israel, the PA provides the cover for Hamas, and still largely funds the Hamas functionaries in Gaza notwithstanding that Hamas and the PA are rivals. Does that make sense ? Yes. Hamas and the PA might share the same goals, but they are competing for Western dollars, for which the PA now has the upper hand. To continue the flow of Western money that has made fools of the West and millionaires of the PA leadership (while little of that money trickles down to or improves the life of the average citizen), the PA must project the illusion of moderation in reality – by limiting Hamas terror which undercuts their rule – and in fantasy – by making sham arrests of Hamas terrorists, like the PA did after the murders of four Jews two weeks ago. Undoubtedly, all those terrorists have already been released, but the show – literally – of “force” created the right image in the gullible Western media.

    The PA as negotiators have fashioned for themselves an ideal situation: if Israel pulls out of the talks, then Israel is demonstrating its disinterest in peace. But if the PA pulls out of the talks, then…Israel is demonstrating its disinterest in peace by provoking the Palestinians to leave. Can the PA ever demonstrate its disinterest in peace ? Categorically not. In these negotiations, in which Israel foolishly participates on the terms of its enemies, only Israel’s surrender to Palestinian dictates demonstrates Israel’s morality and its commitment to peace. Israel’s sagacity and viability are other matters entirely.

    The PA, like Imam Rauf, have adopted and perfected the tactics of the bully. The bully uses threats and intimidation to achieve his ends. The bully insists that only he is right, and that compromise itself is an insult and a provocation. The bully does not “negotiate” in any real sense of the term, as he views his interlocutors as inferior and vulnerable. The bully warns of dire consequences if his demands are not met. But the bully can be stopped, by superior will, force and morality.

    Israel can – and should – match the PA threat for threat. Any intimation of an Arab walkout should be met with an intimation of an Israeli walkout. Every restatement of Arab demands should be met with a restatement of Israeli demands and interests, a clear articulation of red-lines, along the lines of “failure to agree to Israel’s existence as a Jewish state,” or “insistence on the expulsion of Jews from their homes,” or “ a denial of the right of Jews to build anywhere in the land of Israel,” or “the demand that Jerusalem be re-divided” are “all non-starters, a sign of bad faith, and will immediately cause a cessation of negotiations.” Since the “negotiations” are doomed either to fail or to gravely weaken Israel, the former is preferable to the latter.

     By the same token, Americans should unequivocally repudiate the implied threats of Imam Rauf. Indeed, Americans do not need to be lectured on tolerance or sensitivity by any Muslim, including Imam Rauf. The United States has always been the world’s leading force for freedom, tolerance and human rights, whereas Islam has a long history of repression and persecution of non-Muslims, mitigated only by its grudging toleration of minorities (including Jews and Christians) who were relegated in Muslim lands to dhimmi (second-class) status.

    America does not need the “bridge” that Rauf wants to build, nor a mosque to celebrate “moderate Islam.” There are plenty of mosques in America, and more will surely be built – and even this one will eventually be built in another location.

     If Imam Rauf wants to build a mosque to show the face of “moderate Islam,” here’s a friendly suggestion: build it where it will do some good. Don’t build it in America where that message is unnecessary, and certainly not near Ground Zero where its presence would be a sacrilege.

     Build your citadel to “moderate Islam” where it would do the most good – in Riyadh, in Mecca, in Gaza, in Sanaa, in Tehran, in Baghdad, in Kabul, in Waziristan or in Islamabad. They need the message of “moderate Islam” more than we do. Those places and their inhabitants need to be educated about freedom, tolerance, human rights and dignity – not Americans. Build it there, not here, and you will have earned the respect of all peace-loving peoples. Build it there, and preach the tenets of “moderate” Islam – respect for all people of faith, the sanctity of all human life, the recognition of Israel as the Jewish State, the repudiation of terror and murder of innocents, and the renunciation of the Islamic drive for world domination. Try it. Maybe they will like it, and we certainly don’t need such reminders here in the land of the free. Perhaps they will even let you live.

     We don’t need to be convinced of the joys of “moderate Islam.” Muslims do, by the tens of millions.

      For once, let the PA and the Imam prove their moderation and good intentions. When we stand up to bullies and fight back, argue with them and make counter demands, we will realize their bluffs are empty and their threats are idle bluster. And if speaking softly does not do the trick, there is always the big stick that is ready to put the bully in his place, wherever that place is.

The 9/11 Memorial

     With the construction at Ground Zero delayed for years by litigation, bureaucracy and the like, and only recently proceeding apace, the world’s only existing memorial to the Arab-Muslim terror of September 11, 2001 rests in Israel. What sounds strange at first is actually quite comprehensible. Americans generally perceive Israelis as a plucky, determined people who have retained their values while successfully confronting a ruthless, barbaric enemy, and Israelis see Americans as a nation that has risked its blood and treasure to spread freedom around the globe, usually with little enduring gratitude.

     And, of course, it became painfully clear on 9/11 that Americans and Israelis share the same enemies.

     I visited Israel’s memorial to the Arab-Muslim terror of 9/11 several weeks ago. Called “Andardat Ha’te’omim” (Memorial to the Towers), it is located in a valley just outside Jerusalem, visible from the Har Hamenuchot cemetery across the road, and still almost unreachable. It requires traveling on several dirt roads, up hills and down vales, always on the lookout for microscopic signs pointing to the location. But it is there – and worth a quick visit – for what it is, and what it is not. Both are critical to the reckoning that lies ahead.

     The memorial is set in a circle, the circumference of which is marked by plaques on which are inscribed the names of each of the approximately 3000 murdered victims of that horrific massacre. And right in the center is a metal statue that rises in a spiral to unfurl a metal American flag, resting on a glass base that contains a metal remnant of the Twin Towers that was specially sent to Israel by the City of New York. It does, indeed, as the text indicates, reflect the special relationship between New Yorkers and Americans, and the people of Israel.

    Unfortunately, but by now quite typically, the captions speak volumes by what was not said. The metal remnant was taken “from the remains of the Twin Towers that imploded in the September 11, 2001, disaster..” Is that what happened ? The Towers “imploded” ? How ? Why ? Faulty construction ? Planned obsolescence ? Incredibly, the text – there and elsewhere – is silent as to the causes of this “disaster.”

Disaster” ? “Tragedy”? The tsunami was a disaster, and the death of a young person by illness is a tragedy. The Arab terror of 9/11 was a crime – a brutal, barbaric, heinous, evil, vicious, and hideous attack on innocent civilians. The dedication plaque – the memorial was privately funded – does proclaim “Tolerance Not Terrorism,” and commemorates “the victims of 9/11 and demonstrating a commitment to hope and peace.” But even the term “victims” is neutral, and does not at all convey the malice of the victimizers.

    One looks in vain for any reference to Muslims, Arabs, bin Laden, al Qaeda, Saudi Arabia, Islam  or even hijacked planes being flown into these Twin Towers. A visitor from another planet would not be able to discern why or how these victims died, and at whose hand – if indeed there was a hand involved. Truth be told, there comes a time – long ago reached – when such obfuscations are themselves immoral, and desecrate – rather than honor or memorialize – the lives of the murdered.

     It is not only that obscuring the names, backgrounds and ideology of the murderers nurtures the vile opinions of many – especially in Muslim lands – that the Arab/Muslim terror of 9/11 was actually perpetrated by others, perhaps even Jews. It is worse than that; it diminishes the very idea that there was a ghastly crime here, and not simply an engineering malfunction. And it disguises the notion that Islam – or at least a large segment of Islam’s practitioners – are at war with Jews, Americans and the West, and will stop at nothing in order to win that war.

    The political correctness run amok that refrains from identifying the enemy who infiltrated this land, exploited its freedoms, and violated its serenity threatens to undermine the very nature of the world war in which we are engaged. One who is afraid to even name the enemy cannot defeat that enemy, and the liberal mindset that wishes for (and often presumes) the good intentions of even the malevolent is incapable of waging that war successfully. One who is so enamored with demonstrating a “commitment to hope and peace” in the face of an enemy that is uninterested in either hope or peace will forfeit any possibility of hope or peace, or freedom and life.

     That this attitude pervades the American liberal is no surprise. It undergirds the enthusiastic support for the construction of the mosque near Ground Zero by a Muslim leader who does not construe Hamas as a terrorist group. Nor should it surprise Israelis, whose left has also seized every opportunity to shroud even Arab terror in Israel – the same trite phrases (“tragedy”) were inscribed on the memorial to the Sbarro Pizzeria terror victims – again, without any reference to the perpetrators.

    It is not that such memorials would be made more meaningful if they contained curses and imprecations of the murderers; it is rather that the ambiguous language defeats the very purpose of constructing a memorial. It is honest and forthright to identify the murderers of the Jews in the Holocaust as Nazis or Germans; they weren’t victims of random, unnamed, perhaps even natural forces, but of people, evil people. So, too, the people murdered on September 11, 2001, were killed by people, evil people, who were all Muslim-Arabs, and who killed in the name of Islam.

   If that point cannot be mentioned ever, even at this week’s commemorations of the Arab terror of 9/11, it is questionable whether these commemorations have any meaning whatsoever.

   The idea of a 9/11 memorial in Israel speaks well of the originators and implementers, and does reflect the shared battle that Israelis and Americans are waging. Perhaps an amplification of the text at the memorial in Israel can still be done, if the will is there and the fear is absent. Then, it – and similar memorials – will serve their most valuable purpose in strengthening the resolve of those who are engaged in this war for the defense of civilization as we know it.