Author Archives: Rabbi

A Nut is a Nut

     Before Jared Loughner, the Tucson shooter, had even finished pumping his bullets into the bodies of his innocent victims, the unctuous oracles of the left had already determined motive, cause and effect. The solons of simplicity immediately trumpeted that the “nasty, political climate” of the recent elections, the vociferous voices of talk radio and cable news, or even Sarah Palin herself had laid the foundation for the killer and his heinous deed.

   Of course, there was not a shred of evidence to support this theory, which is both shameless and tendentious. The murderer has already clammed up, and by all accounts he was a misfit who was mentally unbalanced and did not bear within him a coherent thought. His writings revealed contempt for government, which he claimed exercises mind control through “grammar” and he also demanded a new “currency.” He doesn’t sound like any Conservative I know, but none the matter. It has been decreed from on high that the rhetoric of right-wingers engendered the dastardly deed. Where have we heard this before, and where have we not heard it ?

     Fifteen years ago, the assassination of Yitzchak Rabin was immediately – and I mean, immediately – attributed to right-wing incitement, vitriolic rhetoric, hate speech, etc. Despite the fact that this was never proven; despite the fact that it was specifically renounced by Israel’s Attorney-General (see http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3125350,00.html); despite the fact that the apparent shooter, Yigal Amir, had consulted Rabbinic authorities who had told him that his intentions were both morally repugnant as well as counterproductive to the cause (Rabin was always perceived as more sensible and cautious than his successor, Shimon Peres); despite the fact that Amir, himself a government agent, was egged on in his crime by another government agent (Shin Bet operative Avishai Raviv); despite all this – and more – the die was cast. The motive was established and carved in stone: right-wing rhetoric. It became morally reprehensible even to deny that rhetoric was the cause, and abominable to continue to oppose the Oslo sellout of the late prime minister. His death was exploited – and is until today – for crass political purposes.

     Interestingly, when President Reagan was shot by John Hinckley in 1981, there was no instantaneous rush to left-wing judgment – that the rhetoric about Reagan causing a nuclear war with the Soviet Union, or the threat to freedom entailed by his anti-abortion stance, or his desire to cut taxes and thereby entitlements had inspired Hinckley. There could have been, but there was no such suggestion made even from staunch Reaganites . Instead, we were fed this pap about Hinckley trying to impress the actress Jody Foster by shooting the president. Sounds reasonable, doesn’t it ? (Well, why didn’t it work ? Why was Jodie Foster not impressed by Hinckley’s attempted assassination ? Perhaps because Hinckley was…nuts ?  Bingo.)

    The attempts to attribute rational reasoning and decision-making to insane people is itself a distortion of reality, and to use the ranting – and crimes – of a lunatic, for audacious and obvious political gain, is beyond the pale of decency. The political danger lies in the ability of the mass media to carve its version of events into the public domain, never to be erased. It is done by repeated references to the “rhetoric,” without any specifics, of course, and winking allusions to this or that right-wing talking head. All of which creates the “impression” that the wingnut was motivated by a reason-based discontent with the American government – as if he was upset about the stimulus, and Obamacare, and the insanely-high deficit. The only way to counter these mendacious accusations is to, literally, fight back – with words, of course – challenging every allegation, confronting every accuser with the need for proof, and making sure that every single act of finger-pointing boomerangs.

    The world has always had a nut problem. There have been misfits in every era, but until 30 years ago, the mentally-ill were usually housed in facilities that kept the public safe from them. That changed 30 years ago, and now it is illegal to institutionalize a moonstruck adult against his will. Some will argue that we need laws to prevent guns from falling into the hands of nuts – all true, but those laws already exist. (And, not to alarm anyone, there are plenty of illegal guns for purchase as well.) The problem lies in the difficulty of adjudicating someone a nut when he hasn’t yet done anything but act strange. These nuts fall through the cracks, and there is no foolproof way to thwart them.

     There have been very few political assassinations (or attempted assassinations) in the United States not carried out by nuts. Lincoln’s assassination was politically motivated, as was the attempt on the life of Harry Truman by Puerto Rican nationalists. But Garfield, McKinley, FDR and Gerald Ford (and Reagan) all encountered a crackpot of one type or another. Gerald Ford, in fact, was shot at by two lunatics within three weeks; no one attributed the shootings to Ford’s unpopular pardoning of Richard Nixon. When JFK was shot, the same tedious refrain was also heard (“right-wing, right-wing…”) until the chorus realized that Oswald was a left-winger – a Communist at that. His sanity was never fully explored.

    When these tragedies occur, we are left grasping for reasons, because it never makes sense. We especially hate to conclude that good people (a decent liberal congresswoman, a dedicated, conservative federal judge, a nine-year child) all had their lives shattered – in some cases ended – by the acts of a deranged and useless human being. We can only pray for the souls of the murdered, and the full recovery of the injured, and hope that the madman is executed in a swift and just fashion. (McKinley’s killer was tried, convicted, sentenced, and electrocuted in about seven weeks. That is swift justice.)  The legal definition of insanity is an inability to distinguish between right and wrong; Loughner apparently knew that what he was doing was wrong, whatever alternate universe he was otherwise living on. He should be tried, convicted and executed.

     History teaches us that the exploitation of assassinations for political ends is almost always a tactic of the left. (Strangely, the PC crowd does back flips to avoiding ascribing the terror of Muslims to Islam; we are told, for example, that the motives of the Fort Hood shooter are too mysterious to discern.) One reason might be that conservatives emphasize the notion of personal responsibility, and hold an individual solely accountable for his actions. Liberals are more inclined to ascribe responsibility and guilt to the collective, and therefore always seek motivation not in the miscreant himself but in society, or parents, or teachers, or the police, et al. The individual, according to this way of thinking, is almost absolved of any guilt, because the “real” causes of crime lie in the influences of others, rather than in the choices made by the criminal. Conservatives do not generally suffer from this illusion, because the influences of others do not eradicate the free choice of the criminal – a fundamental Torah concept as well. The narrative of societal responsibility resonates more with liberals than with conservatives, so it is almost natural – even absent the tawdry political motives – that liberals would seek answers in every place but the aggressor himself.

      Those who are liberally-inclined should resist the temptation to look for genuine motives from a kook. We can bring no proof from the acts of a psychotic, nor should we try to do so.  The attempt itself is not only outrageous, misguided and duplicitous, but also downright nutty. And we are all better than that. Normal people can have even vibrant and passionate political dialogue – and disagreements –  without fear of provoking the nuts; they do not require any provocation. We need not stifle democracy in order to save it, and we certainly cannot mute the opposition to destructive policies on the specious grounds of the alleged motivations of the irrational.

The Loss of Shame

      Monday’s Wall Street Journal carried a picture of a contented Andrew Cuomo on his first full day as New York’s new governor, leaving church services with his daughters and his “live-in girlfriend,” a celebrity TV personality. It looked like one happy family, except it was a “family” only according to a peculiar and ultra-modern definition of family.

    There was a time not long ago when men (or women) who had paramours outside the framework of marriage sought to keep that information private. A family in the eyes of society was a husband and wife, with children following the marriage – rather than preceding it. That was considered normal and appropriate, and admirable, worthy of emulation. To use an archaic term, it was moral. When such relationships become so mundane and unremarkable that paramours are unashamed to come to church together, and are apparently warmly received when there, we have witnessed both the death of morality and the loss of shame.

     It is widely expected that Cuomo’s “companion” will serve New Yorkers as “First Lady,” or something of the sort. If they should part company, the debonair politician will likely soon find a new companion to carry out the needs of his constituents. And if they should marry, well…. they probably will, but why ? And if they will marry, why didn’t they marry already? This is certainly not meant to single out Cuomo, whose father cut an admirable figure as a family man. New Yorkers have become accustomed to this state of affairs, as NYC’s Mayor Mike Bloomberg lives with a similar arrangement – a “companion.” This deprecation of marriage has been duplicated innumerable times across the United States, which has become very un-judgmental about such matters. In the 1950’s, Adlai Stevenson’s candidacy for president was marred by the fact that he was divorced (he would have lost anyway); by Ronald Reagan’s time, his status as America’s first president who actually was divorced drew little attention. That our current president, Barack Obama, was conceived before his parents married is of no interest to anyone (his father then disappeared soon after Jr. was born).

    Children born out of wedlock, adultery, and promiscuity are all considered private matters, with no obvious public concern. Undoubtedly, the advocates of same-sex marriage have successfully advanced their cause – to the extent they have – partly because of the decrepit state to which marriage generally has fallen. At a recent public event under secular auspices, I noticed that when the host acknowledged the presence of a couple married for 37 years, the assembled broke out into spontaneous applause. I wondered, why ? Was it happiness at the couple’s longevity ? Was it sympathetic encouragement for having endured such a long sentence ? Or was it – as I like to think – an innate recognition that marriage is a noble and virtuous institution (yeah, yeah, who wants to live in an institution. I know the joke) that serves a vital function for both the individual and the society ?

    Many people tend to view such discussions from the perspective of “judgmentalism,” as if there are some who are ordained to sit in judgment of others. That is not my interest here. It is not the act of passing judgment on people that interests me, but rather society’s imprimatur on conduct traditionally held to be immoral and unbecoming. We bestow legitimacy or illegitimacy by social endorsement or rejection of certain behaviors, and remaining passive in the face of a collapse of a social norm is itself passing judgment.

     Moreover, it is apparent that marriage and family have become completely detached from religion or morality. Both are now personal choices and conveniences (or inconveniences) that lack any moral dimension, similar to dress or occupation. It is all about practicality, personal fulfillment and autonomy. What’s G-d have to do with it ?

      Well, plenty. Judaism, of course, takes the opposite approach. Marriage, family, dress, speech, deportment, and occupation all have profound moral dimensions and concomitant obligations. Indeed, there are few areas of life – if any – that lack a moral component and Torah guidance on it. The deterioration of standards of decency in society is also reflected in the proliferation of vulgarity in the public domain and even private interactions. There are some (Frank Rich comes to mind) who seem to feel that nudity in entertainment is the height of sophistication and style, and vulgarity a sign of cultural classiness and advanced wit. But neither is in the slightest, but rather indications of a paucity of creativity and a lack of cleverness. That also another symptom of the loss of shame. But even beyond the religious domain, there is a loss to society in the loss of shame associated with the decline of marriage.

      Marriage is critical to society because it represents the culmination of a mature commitment between a man and a woman to build a home together as a unit that is part of a greater whole, the operative word being “commitment.” The relationship of singles or paramours, as intense as they might feel it is, lacks that sense of commitment. It is not even a question of permanence, although unmarried couples tend to stay together for shorter periods than married couples (even given the relative scarcity of long-term marriages today). Since marriages are harder to disentangle than relationships, the parties will have a greater commitment to each other, and a stable society – homes, families, schools, businesses, and neighborhoods – depends on the abundance of such relationships. The “piece of paper” does matter, but not as much does the commitment it symbolizes.

     I heard not long ago of a shul wrestling with the issue of how to deal with a couple living together without marriage, something as prevalent in the Torah world as is big-game hunting. The details notwithstanding, there is something appealing about the fact that the couple is discreet about it. (It reminds me of a quaint time when someone who drove to shul on Shabbat, in violation of Shabbat laws, parked two blocks away – knowing that what he was doing was wrong and so not insisting that his community accept it. Today, it is not uncommon for drivers to demand the parking lot remain open for their convenience, and often a dispute ensues.) Would that such discretion prevailed throughout society, as that alone would reinforce and strengthen social norms and our capacity to impart them to our children.

     Consistency and faithfulness are laudable objectives, but constructive hypocrisy greases the wheels of civil society and enables us to co-exist, with all our foibles, and never be content with our spiritual attainments at any juncture. Women, especially, have a vital role to play in this, for withholding their physical love until marriage not only preserves their dignity and sanctifies marriage – but it also will encourage more and quicker marriages. As a crass single who plays the field once explained to me: “Why purchase the cow when you can get the milk for free ?” Women who constantly cater to and service men in the hopes of attracting them are literally selling themselves short. A couple’s love should naturally eventuate in marriage, and to be taught otherwise lacks in both common sense and human dignity.

    Perhaps that is why marriages are celebrated to excess in Jewish life, and become public spectacles – as both a personal celebration of the couple and a recognition that the couples’ marriage is an indispensable building block of our society. It is unarguable that children benefit from two-parent homes and committed, long-standing relationships – but that is not the primary reason to marry. We marry because it is a convention that G-d created for our benefit, fulfillment and happiness – to teach us commitment, unselfishness and partnership in the most important areas of life.

    When the uncommitted relationship becomes so common that it goes unmentioned, and accounts of those relationships – in public, in church, and elsewhere – are considered blasé, then we have crossed the Rubicon into the dissolution of the fabric that holds society together. It is a wake-up call before a descent into utter, “Fall of the Roman Empire” reminiscent, decadence.

WE WIN !

       In this festive season, most Jews were no doubt heartened by the news, reported in the Jerusalem Post (http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishNews/Article.aspx?id=200841), that Judaism has been voted the “most popular religion” in America today. These were the findings of a survey conducted for a new book by Harvard’s Robert Putnam (and David Campbell), entitled “American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us.” More than 3,000 respondents of all faiths voted Judaism the most popular, with Catholicism trailing slightly. We win !

    Now, what exactly have we won ? And to what can we attribute our new-found popularity ?

    Putnam ascribes our victory to both the dearth of Jew-hatred today and especially to its increasing unacceptability in public discourse and even private expression. Even mild cracks about Jews tend to evoke vitriolic reactions (Rick Sanchez, don’t call your office), and the Holocaust itself made Jew-hatred itself plain evil, and indicative of both an inferior intellect and substandard morality. Of course, the disappearance of official Jew-hatred in America, and the discrediting of even private Jew-hatred, has not stopped Jews from pumping hundreds of millions of dollars annually to combat ghosts and their equally elusive offspring. Every drop of paint sprayed in anti-Jewish graffiti and every nasty comment hollered at a Jew by some cretin is meticulously catalogued. Hundreds of Jews spend their working careers ruminating over the frightful possibility that somewhere across the fruited plain there might be a non-Jew or two who detests Jews, and blames us for everything from the collapse of Wall Street to the Yankees’ failure to sign Cliff Lee.

     I have long held that that money is terribly wasted. It would be better spent educating Jews about why it is important and worthwhile to live Jews lives, do mitzvot and study Torah than terrifying Jews about why some people hate us and attempting to uproot irrational and hidden resentments. There has to be more to Jewish life than mere survival, which begs the question: for what reason do we survive ? We survive for better reasons than to show Hitler that he couldn’t murder us all. Would it not be better if we focused on Jewish life rather than on Jewish death ? And I refuse to hold non-Jews to higher standards than I hold Jews; not every Jew likes every other Jew, so how can I criticize non-Jews who don’t like every Jew ?

     That being said, I think Putnam misses the point of his own survey, strange as that sounds. The question asked was not “which religious group is most popular?” but “which religion is most popular?” To suggest that Judaism is popular because Jews are liked better today than in the past is to misconstrue the survey and its results. Anyone Jewish knows that we should never confuse or conflate Jews and Judaism; not everything Judaism advocates is embraced by Jews, and not everything Jews do is reflective of Judaism. Jerry Seinfeld might be well-liked (and, of course, he should be) and that could contribute to the general acceptance of Jews in society. But that is not the same as saying that his popularity reflects a greater interest and appreciation of what Judaism stands for, insofar as he perceives himself as part of the Jewish people but not necessarily as a public representative of the Jewish religion.

     Jews are more popular today in America, but so is every ethnic group. Americans – being a nation of immigrants and unprecedented diversity – have a hard time sustaining an aversion to any group. I can understand why Muslims today would be unpopular, but most Americans overwhelmingly reject the notion of group stereotype and will readily dislike Muslim terrorists or radicals but not Muslims generally. Hence the paucity of random attacks on American Muslims despite the fact that the recent terrorist attacks in America have all stemmed from members of that one group. Said another way (for those who defend Muslim terror by pointing to the Unabomber and Timothy McVeigh), no other American terrorist was a member of a defined group with an ideology that preached murder and mayhem. Other terrorists were individuals acting more or less alone, and usually with a loose screw or two. Muslim terrorists emerge from a world view particular to a defined group – and even so, Americans recoil at the notion of blaming all Muslims for the acts of some of them.

     At various points in American history, Jews, Catholics, blacks, Italians, Irishmen, Hispanics, Asians and others were not treated equally or fairly. But it is hard to deny that society has moved far beyond those days, and discrimination today is both legally and culturally scorned, notwithstanding that some of those groups still have huge infrastructures to combat such discrimination. Sometimes, good news is hard to accept. For another example of this trend, look at society’s treatment of homosexuals. I think it was Dennis Prager who noted how quickly homosexuality has traversed the road from condemnation to toleration and now adoration. Americans are not particularly good haters (witness how quickly Germans and Japanese were forgiven for the aggressions of World War II), itself a consequence of the religious sensibilities of this society. “Don’t tread on me” naturally begets “live and let live.”

    So what would make Judaism “the most popular religion” ? On one level, I would hope it is the recognition that the major religions of the world all emerged from Judaism, and then diverged onto different paths. The founders of both Christianity and Islam all looked to the Jews’ Bible for inspiration and their provenance, and indeed resented the Jews’ loyalty to the Torah after those founders deviated from the Judaic message and were largely unsuccessful in co-opting the Jews to their new religions. In an America built on tolerance for various faiths and belief systems, the Jewish idea at the heart of Western civilization has been able to take root in America in an unthreatening and nurturing way. People see Judaism for what it is supposed to be: the framework of morality for man as transmitted to us by our Creator for the benefit of all mankind, with one message uniquely for Jews and a parallel message for non-Jews.

    From a philosophical perspective, Judaism’s moral contributions have found fertile soil in America. The ideas that all men are created equal and in the image of G-d, of loving your neighbor as yourself, of an objective morality that transcends time and place but is uniquely suited to fostering man’s happiness, are all Jewish ideas, conceived in the Torah and explicated in the Talmud. The more parochial aspects of Judaism are designed to ensure that a core group always remains the repository of these ideas – but the principles themselves are ones that appeal and apply to all decent human beings, and are quite at home as part of the American ethos.

    It is a sign of the maturation of the Jewish community and the acceptance of some form of the Jewish idea in America that any survey would yield such results. Frankly, I doubt that many of the Jews who participated in the survey would have voted Judaism the “most popular religion” in America and many of the same might not have even voted Judaism the most popular religion in their own homes. It is a relief that if, indeed, Judaism is popular and not just Jews, then we are no longer perceived as a people of comedians, entertainers and singers (with the occasional athlete thrown in), or doctors, lawyers, scientists and financiers, or as survivors of genocide – but as a people who bequeathed to the world the very secret to a happy, fulfilling, moral and G-d-centered life.

   If that is why Judaism has become so popular in America, then we should be ever vigilant to strengthen the Torah and the people who cherish it, to study it, observe its laws, and preserve it from distortion and “modernization,” to attain and maintain the high standards it sets for us, and lead the world to an era of universal acknowledgement of the dignity of man and the kingdom of G-d. Now, let’s briefly celebrate, and get back to work.

Obama Rising

     How does a President whose political fortunes were considered moribund after the mid-term elections – only seven weeks ago – pull off a string of legislative triumphs in record time ? One reason is that he remains a formidable politician who will not be as easy to defeat in 2012 as many assume. A second reason is that these victories are smaller than the sum of their parts.

    Consider the “law” that now permits avowed homosexuals from serving in the military, a move that most combat troops overwhelmingly opposed. It is not difficult to see a harmful effect on unit cohesion when a sexual dynamic is introduced into the ranks, especially where men are forced to live in close quarters for long periods of time. After all, if libido and propriety are not legitimate considerations, men and women in the military would be sharing lodgings, so how can social discomfort not impair military effectiveness ? And for those who have been touting that Israel has had open homosexuals serving in the military for several decades without any loss of effectiveness, well, how do you know ? How do you measure effectiveness ? Israel has not fought a conventional, contested war in almost forty years, and the most recent example of a near-contested conflict – the war in Lebanon in 2006 – was a military debacle. So who’s to say that the IDF has not been harmed by a number of factors, including this one ? What metric is used ? And so the military has been given the needed “flexibility” to

    In any event, the “law” that banned homosexual service was of fairly recent vintage – 1993, in fact, and President Clinton’s “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” was a (reasonable, workable) reaction to that law. But why was a “law” necessary in the first instance, when the prohibition itself was a military regulation not subject to Congressional oversight ? For example, when President Truman de-segregated the military in July 1948, he did it through Executive Order as was his prerogative as Commander-in-Chief. He did not need Congressional legislation. It was the fear of Clinton’s using the same mechanism (and a deep distrust of Clinton on military issues) that induced Congress to act, what was likely then an inappropriate micromanagement of military matters.

      Of course, Clinton had a good ten months when he could have assured full participation of homosexuals in the military but chose to do nothing.  He wisely chose to do nothing, because the military was opposed then, as it is now. But now that the “PR” victory has been won, the dance goes on. Using the military to advance a social agenda without due regard for its effect on its efficiency is always unwise, so the military has been offered the bone of determining the pace of implementation. What works in liberal theory – think “closing Guantanamo” – might not be as practicable in the real world. In any event, I would be curious to find out whether the new law sparks of wave of homosexuals joining the military. And, more importantly, more than 99% of Americans are unaffected by this legislation, which makes it mostly symbolic and reflective of declining mores.

    The START Treaty is another example of legislation that offers more symbols than substance. Billed as the President’s “leading foreign policy objective” begs the question: why this treaty was ignored for months and then rushed for approval ? And another question: isn’t it just a little quaint to perceive Russia as a “superpower” with whom the United States has to engage in arms control talks ? Russia is a third-rate power with a mono-dimensional economy propped up by oil and natural gas sales, and little else. By many accounts, China has supplanted Russia as America’s main rival, and other countries in the world – Iran, for one – pose a greater threat to America than does Russia. So the nostalgia for a Cold War dynamic is misplaced, and the main effect of the treaty is to limit the US ability to defend itself and its allies by quantifying the number of strategic warheads America can deploy. This effectively dooms the missile shield over Europe that Obama renounced anyway last year, as well as deprives the US of the full capacity to deter the troublemakers in South America, like Venezuela, which is importing Iranian missiles. And all designed to hasten the objective of eliminating all nuclear weapons from the world, a pipedream that is a nightmare for freedom. Remember the old slogan: “If guns are outlawed, only outlaws will have guns”? The greater horror is the naïve fantasy that the US can divest itself of nuclear weapons, and the evildoers of the world will follow suit.

     And I thought “peace in the Middle East” was the President’s “leading foreign policy objective.” Oh, well. This, too, will not affect the average American.

      The third accomplishment – the extension of the Bush era tax rates – shows Obama’s political prowess. Certainly, I supported the extension and reiterate that any American who wishes to pay taxes at a higher rate can certainly do so, and I support as well a drastic reduction in domestic  and foreign spending (by the way: the time has come. Let Iraq start contributing financially for the presence of American troops there). You can’t (shouldn’t) spend what you don’t have. The apoplexy of the liberal base – which truly believes that not confiscating someone’s wealth is a “tax break” – was a joy to behold. Their assumption must be that everything one earns belongs firstly to the government, which then allows you to keep whatever they deem appropriate. That assumption is Stalinist, not Jeffersonian.

     What’s troubling is the recourse to the lame duck session of Congress in order to deliberate and vote on matters that might have political consequences if done before elections, and debated by many politicians who were repudiated by their constituents and have lost their mandate. These sessions were historically very rare and very limited in scope, but have become almost routine. It amounts to bi-partisan fecklessness, unworthy of people who purport to be national leaders. Indeed, the long delays between elections and the assumption of office are anachronisms that should be changed, immediately. Give new presidents and Congresses two weeks to take office (to allow for ballot challenges and recounts); count absentee ballots before the elections; tally them as they come in, under rules of strict secrecy, of course.

    The most important consequence of all this legislation is on President Obama. The repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” was candy for the liberals dismayed by his acceptance of the Bush-era tax rates, and certainly solidified that part of his base. Like his policies or not (I despise them), he has an admirable record of at least trying to implement, and in many cases, implementing, his campaign promises. The irony is that many of his voters assumed that his promises were just rhetoric – that no leader would be so brazen as to legislate the country into bankruptcy or socialism. But he has tried – and has transformed for the moment his political standing. In a little over one month, Obama went from projecting the appearance of incompetence to projecting the appearance of competence. It is not that any individual piece of legislation is that significant – it’s not – but he momentarily changed the debate, and the image of his presidency, and seized the initiative.

   All of which will make him much more difficult to defeat in 2012. But it is still early. And dealing with a Republican House has the potential to bring out Obama’s arrogance and condescension in a way that alienates many prior supporters. And if a Republican alternative to Obama governance emerges – both person and policy – the campaign will be joined and the battle begun.