Category Archives: Contemporary Life

Genesis of Evil

One of the more enigmatic statements of Chazal asks, from Masechet Chulin 139b, “where do we find Haman mentioned in the Torah?”And the Gemara cites G-d’s statements to Adam after he was exposed in the Garden of Eden: “Hamin ha’etz…” – “did you eat from the tree from which you were expressly commanded not to eat?” “Hamin ha’etz…”  is like… Haman. One need not be a deep analytical thinker to ask: what in the world is the connection between this verse and Haman? It’s not even Haman, it’s Hamin?

Why did our Sages root Haman’s presence in the Torah in that verse, and why was it necessary to find a source for Haman in the Torah altogether? After all, the story of Purim occurred during the late Biblical period, between the era of the two Temples, and long after the Torah was given. The question itself is anachronistic. Rashi says it is the juxtaposition of Haman and ha’etz – Haman was hanged on a tree – but there must be more to it.

Haman’s existence, and that of Amalek and all evildoers down to and including our day, raise the most troubling questions. How do human beings become so evil, so corrupt, so depraved, as to decide to dedicate their lives to destroying other lives? It is one of the great dilemmas of history – starting from the first such villain – Nimrod – until today. How do human beings continue to produce evil people – who can murder in the millions? Or, in just a cursory look around the world today – scoundrels like Assad, the Castro brothers, Mugabe and others – people who kill and incarcerate their own; or an Ahmadinejad and his cohorts, people who are actively and overtly plotting to destroy another nation. How does all this evil endure, and where does it end?

And there is smaller evil as well, that affects not millions or thousands, but cruelty to even one other person that is inexplicable. How can we comprehend people who will willingly and eagerly destroy their own lives for the dubious “pleasure” of destroying someone else’s life – a spouse, a child, a co-worker, or an employee – regardless of the rationalizations they use and the emotional illnesses from which they suffer?

In a sentence, “where do we find Haman mentioned in the Torah?” Where do we find the roots of evil in the Torah?

And Chazal answered quite cogently and brilliantly – it all started in the Garden of Eden, with the stumbling of Adam and the collapse of the pristine, ideal Paradise. Rav Eli Horowitz, hy”d, quoted Rav Zvi Yehuda Kook that the cardinal sin in Eden was “peirud”- separation or estrangement – separation of man from G-d for sure, but especially separation of the Tree of Knowledge from the tree of life. When knowledge is used properly, it promotes life, prosperity and happiness. But when knowledge and life become separate and distinct, they become antagonistic as well, and there will be those who use their knowledge for malevolence, for wickedness, for absolute evil.

Evil results from estrangement from G-d. Obviously, that is the source of the evil of atheists (like Stalin, Mao and others) but also is the source of the evil of those with a false conception of G-d. And even Jews who otherwise practice many mitzvot but are cruel and heartless to others are ultimately estranged from G-d.

What a question: Hamin ha’etz… ?! “Did you eat from the tree from which you were expressly commanded not to eat?” What is the genesis of inv and all his imitators? All the world’s troubles stem from this sin – the tension between men and women, the tension between man and his environment, and the tension between man and G-d – and especially the disconnect between man and the way he is supposed to live – capable of living – and the way he actually lives. All evil is still rooted in that first sin. And its offspring lives – either the seed of Amalek or the spirit of Amalek, and sometimes both.

How then do we remedy the world’s troubles and diminish the lingering effects of Amalek and Haman? Well, certainly by remembering Amalek and celebrating Purim, but also by restoring the state of Eden as best we can – by reconnecting with the Torah in all aspects of our lives, by not despairing when we see bad Jews or bad people, by rededicating ourselves to the  mandate of Gan Eden – to serve and to preserve. To paraphrase Rav Kook, we can curse the darkness or we can light a candle. It is better to light a candle.

The Gemara sounds inscrutable – “whence do we know Haman from the Torah?” – but in fact Chazal here elucidate one of the most complex and troublesome issues of our world. It is all part of the divine system – even the potential for failure and especially the opportunity to rectify it and elevate it, to eradicate evil one bit at a time. Therein lies our purpose, and the gift of eternity awarded to us in the words of the prophet Shmuel, that the Eternal One of Israel does not lie – in His promises, His guarantees, or in His assurance that as He did for our ancestors miracles and wonders for them at this time’ so will He for us.

Happy Purim to all !

Sad, Tragic, Insane

I was apprised this morning of the following, circulated on the Internet, and cited in pertinent part:

     “There are unfortunate reasons that people have become hesitant to trust Batei Din. Rabbis throughout the United States have sought to expose fraudulent Batei Din and those that do not conform to halacha, but Steven Pruzansky is probably the worst example of such abuse of the Torah and its heritage at the hands of unscrupulous sadists who use the idea of a “Bais Din” to steal, rob and otherwise promote their own ego.
Steven Pruzansky was recently selected as a “dayan” in a case involving marital issues. Pruzansky showed his true colors:
– Although the husband agreed to go to Bais Din, Pruzansky threatened the husband, snarling that “(he) would make things very bad for him”
– Pruzansky arranged for someone who had previously tried to beat up the husband to sit within one foot of him throughout the proceedings.
– Pruzansky tried to physically accost the husband when he kept reading from a paper in his hand, in an attempt to rebut a friend of the beater who was called in as a “witness”
– Pruzansky threatened to display private emails between the husband and his wife for the purposes of intimidation, which is a felony
– Pruzansky only stopped his assault after the husband dialed the first two numbers of 9-1-1. …..”

I will be delighted to identify the miscreant who wrote this, but first the facts. Ordinarily, I would never discuss any litigation on which I have sat, but the time has long passed, and the Internet is much too pervasive, to allow even the ranting of a madman to define me in the public domain. The above is undoubtedly the work of the “husband,” as below, in whose delusional world the fictitious organization he created (Vaad l’something or other) actually exists.

I was asked to sit on an out of state  Din Torah this past January in a sensitive divorce case. The wife had claimed physical, verbal and emotional abuse, and had separated from her husband after he had struck her, been arrested and spent five days in jail. Since that time, beginning in November 2010, the wife had sought a Get and a civil divorce. The civil divorce was obtained in June 2011, but the husband still refused to appear before a Bet Din, any Bet Din, or give a Get to his ex-wife in any forum. He insisted he wanted to remain married to her, and that she really, really loves him, deep, deep down.

I became involved when the matter transformed into a zabla in which each side picks one dayan and the two dayanim choose a third. The husband herein had nixed several of his ex-wife’s selections as her dayan – even though Jewish law does not give him that right – and I was “approved” as the wife’s dayan. The other two dayanim were local Rabbis in that state. Check one above: husband resisted going to Bet Din, which took over six months to arrange. The suggestion that I “snarled” anything, especially that I “would make things bad for him” is ludicrous and false.

So too the suggestion that I “arranged” for anyone to sit anywhere, or even to attend altogether. I had one brief conversation with the wife over the telephone, and merely asked her to bring whatever witnesses and documentary evidence she had. In truth, I find the zabla format troubling, as it occasionally tends to turn dayanim into advocates for their “side,” and adjudication of any legal matter should not be prejudiced by any knowledge of the case. Aside from knowing that the wife wanted a Get, I indeed knew nothing else about the case, nor did I personally know any of the litigants, witnesses or Rabbis involved. Check two above.

Then began one of the most grueling ordeals that I had ever experienced. The ex-wife began her testimony, and within minutes, the husband was interrupting her with cries of “Shut up, shut up!” Having sat on dozens of Dinei Torah, it was the first time I had ever witnessed such a breach of decorum and simple decency. When I insisted the husband stop – he would have the right to respond when his turn to testify came – he unleashed his venom upon me: “Shut up, you pig! Shut up, you punk! Shut up, you fool!” He would then regularly, through the course of the proceedings, refer to the Bet Din as “clowns,” part of the “circus” to which he had been persuaded to attend.  I was told to “shut up!” at least 15 times by this individual. My mind was spinning with possible retorts (I’m originally from the Bronx after all) but I held my tongue.

I said nothing, except once responding, “If you think you can intimidate me with that language, you are wrong.” At one point, he tried to curry favor by informing me how much he agrees with my writings on Israel (almost leading me to question everything I had written in the past!). But the curses, the invective, and the tirades continued – for six hours. It was as if he was incapable of stopping his diatribes – as if he was even unaware that he was behaving improperly, abnormally, insanely.

The abuse I felt was palpable, tangible. I said nothing because I did not want to give this person a excuse to get up and walk out. (He threatened that at least once anyway.) The wife had labored for almost a year to put a Bet Din together. If he walked out before he testified, or before all the evidence had been adduced, it would be more difficult to justify a final decision even though it would have been possible. I, and to a lesser extent the other two rabbis, took one for the greater good of trying to help this woman who had been threatened for months by the husband that she would be an aguna  for the rest of her life. (She is in her mid-20s).

Unbeknownst to the husband, clearly mentally unbalanced, every time he opened his mouth he harmed his case. We, the dayanim, but especially myself, were recipients of a small dose of the more extensive abuse the wife had claimed she suffered for the several years of their marriage. All he wanted was mandated counseling (five sessions? Ten sessions?) that he thought would re-unite them. Those who listened with not only an open mind, but even just a functioning  mind, realized that those sessions would simply be further opportunities – mandated by Bet Din (!) – for him to berate, belittle and demean the wife, after which he would likely find another pretext not to give a Get. If Bet Din had ordered “counseling,” that itself would have been abuse on our part. Our decision was issued a week after the case, and we unanimously ordered him to give a Get within seven days. Almost immediately, he began with written threats of corruption, lawsuits, improprieties, etc. – all from a simple inability to recognize that his marriage is over and that his wife deserves a new beginning with a less “challenging” husband. Unable to intimidate anymore, he has been lashing out at the Bet Din that splashed the cold water of reality on his troubled face.

Did I “physically accost” him ? That is laughable. One witness had presented a “letter” from a named lawyer threatening the witness with a lawsuit if…whatever… is not done for the husband. The lawyer in question denied ever sending such a letter, and the husband let it slip (during my questioning) that he had forged and sent such a letter in that lawyer’s name. That is when I asked to see the letter, he refused to show it to me (even though it belonged to the other side). When I approached and asked to see the letter, he began threatening to dial 911 – at which point I said, “please do so.” He desisted. That was the assault he mentions. Checks three and five above.

And the “private e-mails”? In his delusional world, he once tried to induce his wife to return to him during their long separation by sending her a graphically nude photo of himself. She was willing to introduce it into evidence, but we declined to see it. It was embarrassing for him, although he seemed to take pride in his initiative. (By the way, she wasn’t impressed by anything she saw.) It was when he rambled on about his high moral level, and impugned that of his wife, that I asked him whether he wants to admit the photos in evidence. The response was unbridled rage and invective. It is hard to imagine, but this husband functioned as a “rabbi” of sorts, and even remains a “baal koreh” in some shul (albeit a “mediocre” one, according to the testimony of one witness). Check four above.

All this is an unpleasant reminder of an event that was physically and emotionally draining for me, and one that I would not have written about but for the personal attacks directed at me from this lunatic and his fictitious organization.

So I write really for one reason. It is not to defend my good name; anyone who knows me will intuit that the allegations are insane and false. It is rather to highlight a problem in the Rabbinate and the Jewish public. People often ask “what are rabbis doing to help agunot?” and the answer is, “much.” But the fact that these vicious attacks on my character are a consequence of getting involved in this sensitive area might (and does) inhibit some rabbis from getting involved. I had no real nexus to this case. I didn’t know any of the parties, and it was occurring more than 1100 miles from my home base. I didn’t have to get involved. There was nothing in it for me. But it does come at a price. It is well possible that more people will read the crazed indictment than this response. And some who read both will say, “hmmm… maybe there is truth on both sides.” This maniac will nourish some doubt in people’s minds about my character.

Yet, knowing what I know now, I would do it again, and so would many of my colleagues, only because it is the right thing to do. But the public is also on notice: don’t read everything, and don’t believe everything that you do read. Chazal’s admonition is well-taken, that one should not listen to lashon hara (disparaging talk) and should not believe the lashon hara that you do hear. It is almost impossible not to believe some of it – that is human nature – but it is still harmful.

Here’s where we stand now: the husband last year threatened suicide and was hospitalized, but it is possible that he used that as a tactic to avoid arrest for a violation of the restraining order the wife had against him. But I do not for a moment doubt that he might be dangerous. I even apprised the wife – after the proceedings – that there is a potential, G-d-forbid, for a murder-suicide (he, the ex-wife, and their children). She has notified all the appropriate authorities, but there is no absolute defense against someone bent on his own destruction.

The husband now has two weeks in which to give his wife a Get. After that, he has the possibility if he so chooses, of getting his life in order, making something of himself, and acting as a decent Jew, father and citizen. He even suggested that there are people in his community who want to set him up.

If he does, we can all move on and I will forgive the attacks on me, considering the source. But if he does not give his wife a Get in that time frame, I will gladly reveal his name to the public, and the scorn of the Jewish world can fall upon him. And deservedly so.

 

 

Quick Takes

   Something is pathologically demented about people and a religion that protests the burning of a book by murdering human beings in cold blood. That such should engender “apologies” from Americans is another sign of how far the US has fallen from its perch as moral leader of mankind since the Obama administration took over. These Qur’an were burned because they allegedly contained inscribed, inflammatory messages. But the Qur’an itself – with its explicit calls for the death of Jews, Christians and infidels – is inflammatory. Perhaps those who are so up in arms – literally – about the burning should explain that, and apologize for it, and all the evil perpetrated in its name. Instead, the moral are busy apologizing to the immoral, and thereby ensuring more evil and immorality.

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Word came, again, last week that Mormons were baptizing the dead, including Anne Frank, Simon Wiesenthal’s parents, and even the living like Elie Wiesel, who called upon Mitt Romney to rebuke his church. The latter is certainly misplaced – the Mormon Church has already denounced it – but I have a different reaction: who cares? Does the conversion of the dead mean anything in the real world in which we live? Can a conversion that does not involve the voluntary embrace of a set of ideas, practices and values really mean anything? There are some who are matriculated at the School of Perpetual Outrage. I find it hard to get worked up about something that is inherently meaningless, and reserve my outrage for things that really matter, in the real world, not the fantasy world.

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When gas prices spiked to more than $4.00 per gallon in 2007, the media were rife with accusations that the increases were due to President Bush’s desire to enrich his oil friends. “Bush was to blame!” and it was up to him to rein in his friends and force them to lower their prices. Well. Obama has largely escaped criticism for the recent rise in fuel prices, even though his restrictions on drilling off the coasts, in Alaska, and his rejection of the Keystone pipeline has played havoc with the reliability and pricing of future supplies. Obviously, media bias is apparent, as high oil prices might devastate President Obama’s re-election chances (one reason why he is outspoken in pre-empting any criticism before it even comes). But only two other possibilities present, the latter more plausible: the media has learned that presidents do not control the price of commodities, but the laws of supply and demand do. Or, that somehow, behind the scenes, George W. Bush is still responsible, manipulating oil prices to help enrich his oil friends. That’s about right.

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   PA “President” Mahmoud Abbas, whose term expired around the time George Bush’s did, announced that Israel is trying to destroy any evidence of Arab Jerusalem. Rather than expose him as the liar and fraud that he is, and suspend “peace” talks indefinitely, PM Netanyahu castigated him in the strongest terms as … “not how one makes peace,” and not what Israel expects from someone who is supposed to be “pro-peace.” How pathetic, how inadequate to the task! In fact, the exact opposite is true – it is the Arabs who have for a decade erasing Jewish history from the Temple Mount one bulldozer and truck at a time, with a pusillanimous response from Israel. When Netanyahu wastes his breath speaking of a “peace process” with such brazen, shameless liars, he reveals himself to be an unserious man. And when he freezes construction permits in Yerushalayim – as he did again in the last few days to prevent any Obama contrived criticism when the PM arrives in DC this week – he demonstrates again a remarkably thin grasp of history, and undermines Israel’s claim to its own land. Yet, brilliant musings like those will win standing ovations at the AIPAC Policy Conference next week when Netanyahu speaks. It is far better to clarify what is real and true than to pursue facile and fatuous applause lines.

In a related note, the Arab world now wants the UN to investigate the “Judaization” of Jerusalem. This is a typical Arab gesture – accusing their enemies of doing exactly what they wish to do (massacres, genocides, poisoning, etc.) To save time and money, Israel should admit the charge but point out its untimeliness: Jerusalem was “Judaized” 3000 years ago.

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It is hard to remember the last time any Congress passed legislation because it thought it was good for the country, rather than being good for the special interest groups that ply the victors with money or the blocs of voters that furnish them with votes.

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Saw this somewhere, perhaps the great Thomas Sowell:  “Always be yourself, because the people that matter don’t mind, and the people that mind don’t matter.”

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Isn’t it uncanny (or something else?) that Parshat Zachor is read again this coming Shabbat, and once again the Jewish people are forced to deal with a diabolical, genocidal dictator bent on our extermination – just like Amalek, Haman, Hitler and all the others. “Remembering Amalek” is real, because it reflects the past and the present – and the future – simultaneously. That is why it is a mitzvah to remember Amalek. That is why dealing with Amalek is a dynamic and substantive part of Jewish life.

Unhinged

   “It is not an exaggeration to say that the position an individual takes on the conflict between Israel and the Arabs is a near-infallible guide to their general view of the world. Those who believe that Israel is the historic victim of the Arabs – and that its behavior, while not perfect, is generally as good as could be expected given that it is fighting for its existence against an enemy using the weapons of religious war – typically have a rational, non-ideological approach to the world, arriving at conclusions on the basis of evidence. Those who believe that Israel is the regional bully hell-bent on oppressing the Palestinians, and who equate it with Nazism or apartheid, are generally moral and cultural relativists who invert truth and lies, right and wrong over a wide range of issues, and are incapable of seeing that their beliefs do not accord with reality.” Indeed, such commentary is not only “not an exaggeration,” but it is also one of the precise and pointed conclusions of Melanie Philips, the British journalist, self-described “agnostic although traditionally minded Jew” (only a Jew could possibly concoct such a unique self-description) in her insightful 2010 book “The World Turned Upside Down: the Global Battle over God, Truth and Power.” Taking as her starting point the relentless war against Israel and the Jewish people, she broadens her focus to encompass similar departures from reality inherent in positions of the left on religion, culture, science, morality and values itself. In short, the war against Israel is a major battlefield in a wider war – against traditional conceptions of God, truth and historic moral norms – and all relate to an abandonment of reason and the denigration of truth. That phenomenon is generally perceived by Israelis and other supporters of Israel, who wage a valiant but unsuccessful struggle to “educate” the world on the justice of Israel’s cause. The inversion of reason is patently clear, even most recently. The world community failed (and still fails) to condemn Arab rocket attacks on Israel’s southern towns and cities, which continue as recently as…today. Those attacks prompted Israel to launch Operation Cast Lead in 2006, which resulted in some civilian casualties among Gazans used as human shields by their terrorist hosts. So the world condemned…Israel for attacking civilians, Israel for using Arab civilians as human shields, and Israel for defending itself – while offering no alternative. Most of the Arab dead were terrorists, a few hundred were civilians caught in the crossfire, and the total dead numbered some 1300 – that is, about one-quarter of the number of Syrian civilians who have been murdered by the Syrian government in the last half-year without drawing any condemnation from an international body. This is more than hypocrisy – it is a pathology that perceives Jews, and to some extent the Western world and its value system, as inherently guilty no matter what the charge or the facts. But the examples are legion. The flippancy with which the world embraces accusations of Israeli massacres, or notions such as the “illegality” of an occupation (even though the sovereign from whom Israel captured those territories in a defensive war – Jordan – has long abandoned its rights to that area, and such concepts are not applied anywhere else on the globe) or even the disproved death of the Dura child in 2000 are all evidence of a soaring flight from reality. Reason, truth, justice and morality are today currencies in search of a market that traffics mainly in relativity, emotions, fantasies and feel-good politics and lifestyles. The same departures from the real world are noticeable in other spheres. Science, in some respects, has abandoned its traditional processes in order to promote what some perceive as desirable social goals. This is most manifest in the alarmism of global warming, the ridicule and professional excoriation of dissenters, and the pronouncement that the issue of man-made climate change is “settled.” Really? “If a scientific argument is said to be “over,” settled though a “consensus” of unchallengeable conclusions, it stops being science and turns instead into dogma.” This, despite the fact that hundreds of scientists have dissented from the dogma, and been denounced as heretics in turn. Furthermore, she notes, “scientific triumphalism” has presumed to pronounce on matters beyond its ken, especially metaphysics and religion. Believers in intelligent design are derided, even as evidence of a Designer is far more plausible than the alternative. Worse, the denigration of God is repugnant but also misplaced, as, logically, the Creator of nature stands outside of nature and is therefore not subject to “proof” through nature. We “know” G-d through His deeds. Although it is reasonable to assume based on available evidence that the universe had a Creator or Rational Designer, our acceptance of G-d stems from His reach into history, especially Jewish history. That, indeed, is the famous comment of the Kuzari as to why the Decalogue begins with “I am the Lord your G-d who took you out of Egypt” and not the G-d who created the world. The scientists who are in the forefront of the new atheist movement (too many of them are Jews) have abandoned both reason and humility in their hostility to the idea of G-d. Scientific believers – common throughout history and still prevalent today – need not apply to their club, even though, “at the heart of all science lies the conviction that the universe is orderly…Atheism, by contrast, holds that the world comes from a random and therefore irrational source….” That hostility, and those of others who denigrate and castigate every religion except for one (see below), is born of the secular inquisition that has elevated the “privatization of morality” (Philips has a gift for phraseology) into a sacrament. All moral norms are repudiated, in effect reproducing a 14th-century heretical Christian sect of libertines known as the “Free Spirits.” Its modern incarnation has warred against the very concept of sin, seeking to de-stigmatize promiscuity, illegitimacy, and homosexuality. Again, dissenters from liberal Orthodoxy are figuratively burned at the stake, either shunned by society or mocked by the mass media. For some it is professional suicide, like the Italian politician whose nomination as EU Justice Minister was rejected in 2004 because he had once called homosexuality a “sin.” Dissenters are demonized, not engaged in dialogue. The assertions are considered self-justifying and self-explanatory, and all critics are denounced as “–phobics” of one variety or another (xenophobes, homophobes, Islamophobes, etc.). The favored religion is, ironically, Islam, for which no criticism is tolerated. Free speech codes in many countries have been amended to criminalize criticisms of Islam; such forbearance is not afforded any other religion. One is not allowed to point out the violent tendencies of the modern Muslim, who is then justified in becoming violent against the utterers. Truth is turned on its head. One must robotically repeat the mantra of “Islam, the religion of peace,” even if all evidence points to the contrary. Yale University, publishing a scholarly work on the Danish cartoon controversy, refused to allow the book to re-print the very cartoons in question – deference that is not shown to any other religion or ideology. The left – the home of feminists, homosexual activists and the similarly situated – finds itself, without any sense of its own preposterousness, wildly antagonistic to Israel and sympathetic to its Islamic foes – societies where women seeking liberation and homosexuals are routinely stoned, male supremacy reigns and modernity is repudiated. Modern journalism has been corrupted in that truth and objectivity are disdained in pursuit of a “greater truth” that prefers advocacy to reportage. Religious authority has been undermined, with alternative lifestyles becoming mainstream and the basic family unit torn apart and demeaned. Taboos have become taboo. Anything goes. “Feelings” matter more than responsibility, morality, education or accomplishment. Barack Obama was propelled to the presidency by cultish worshippers who ignored traditional modes of analysis and were swept away by fantasy, charisma and a contrived articulacy. “He made them (Americans) feel good about themselves; he stood for hope, love, reconciliation, youthfulness and fairies at the bottom of the garden.” His radical associations and incoherent political musings did not matter; he was the American Princess Diana. And his Cairo speech – in embracing the Arab narrative of Israel’s creation and fantastic notions of the Arab contributions to civilization – was “a startling example of this genuflection to the forces of irrationality and antimodernity.” These movements, taken together, represent an attack on Western civilization and a denial of reason, even as they claim to be fostering reason and saving civilization. Indeed, the left in all its forms is utopian, “warriors in the most noble causes. The greens believe they will save the planet. The leftists believe they will create the brotherhood of man… And the Islamists believe they will create the Kingdom of God on earth.” They are totalitarians who brook no deviation, and who seek to attain their ends through manipulation and/or coercion. They advocate the “totalitarianism of virtue.” Unusual for a self-described agnostic, Philips extols the “marriage of religion and reason in Judaism,” lauding the Bible as the fount of all truth and morality – and reason. Those who perceive a conflict between religion and science understand neither very well. Those who dismiss the Bible’s account of creation forfeit the clearest understanding of man’s origins and purposes. And she rightly identifies “learning” as the “very highest calling” in Judaism – learning, with all its questions, arguments, challenges, resolutions – and reason. It is unsurprising that many of Israel’s enemies – from radical Islam, to the progressive Christian churches, to atheists and leftists of all stripes – often inhabit the same moral and intellectual universe. And make no mistake about it: the old cliché about being anti-Zionist and not a simple old Jew-hater (once known as the anti-Semite) is dead and buried. Those who hate Israel – the modern incarnation of the Jewish people, the center of the Jewish national idea – hate Jews. That some of them are also Jews should not be surprising to anyone who recalls the torment caused to medieval Jews by Jewish apostates. Anyone who claims to love Jews but hates Israel – just hates Jews. “Israel” is a fig leaf, much as the euphemism “anti-Semite” was once utilized to prettify Jew hatred as well. Rare is the analysis of modern politics and culture that will be as meaningful and pointed a century from now. Melanie Philips has succeeded remarkably in identifying the ideology that links all of Israel’s enemies – and in defining our era and its perils. And our challenge: “In repudiating Jewish teaching and its moral codes, the West has turned upon the modern world itself. In turning upon the State of Israel, the West is undermining its defense against the enemies of modernity and the Western civilization that produced it. The great question is whether it actually wants to defend reason and modernity anymore, or whether Western civilization has now reached a point where it has stopped trying to survive.” If the battle is to be fought and won on conventional terms, “The World Turned Upside Down” will have been the clarion call that awakened modern man from his political slumber and moral obtuseness.